Pa Julayi 2, 2021, Directive on Single-Use Plastics idayamba kugwira ntchito ku European Union (EU).Lamuloli limaletsa mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pomwe pali njira zina."Chinthu chapulasitiki chogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi" chimatanthauzidwa ngati chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndipo sichinapangidwe, kupangidwa, kapena kuikidwa pamsika kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo pa cholinga chomwecho.European Commission yasindikiza malangizo, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo, zomwe ziyenera kuonedwa ngati pulasitiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.(Zolemba za Directive. 12.)
Pazinthu zina zapulasitiki zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akuyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera zomwe dziko limagwiritsa ntchito, njira yosiyana yobwezeretsanso mabotolo apulasitiki, zofunikira zamabotolo apulasitiki, ndi zilembo zokakamiza zazinthu zapulasitiki kuti zidziwitse ogula.Kuphatikiza apo, malangizowa amawonjezera udindo wa opanga, kutanthauza kuti opanga azilipira mtengo wochotsa zinyalala, kusonkhanitsa deta, komanso kudziwitsa anthu zazinthu zina.Mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akuyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe achite pofika pa July 3, 2021, kupatulapo zofunikira pakupanga mabotolo, zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira pa July 3, 2024. (Art. 17.)
Lamuloli likugwiritsa ntchito njira zamapulasitiki za EU ndipo cholinga chake ndi "kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa [EU] ku chuma chozungulira."(Chidutswa 1.)
Zomwe zili mu Directive pa Pulasitiki Yogwiritsa Ntchito Kamodzi
Zoletsa Msika
Zoletsa zoletsa kupanga mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pamsika wa EU:
❋ timitengo ta thonje
❋ zodulira (mafoloko, mipeni, spoon, timitengo)
❋ mbale
❋ udzu
❋ zosonkhezera zakumwa
❋ zomata zomangidwa ndi kuthandizira ma baluni
❋ zotengera zakudya zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera
❋ zotengera zakumwa zopangidwa ndi polystyrene wowonjezera, kuphatikiza zisoti ndi zivindikiro zake
❋ makapu a zakumwa zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera, kuphatikizapo zophimba ndi zophimba
❋ zopangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yowonongeka ndi oxo.(Art. 5 molumikizana ndi annex, gawo B.)
Njira Zochepetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Dziko
Mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha omwe palibe njira ina.Mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuyenera kupereka kufotokozera kwa European Commission ndikudziwitsa anthu.Njira zoterezi zingaphatikizepo kukhazikitsa zolinga zochepetsera dziko, kupereka njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito pogulitsa kwa ogula, kapena kulipiritsa ndalama zapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.Mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU ayenera kukwaniritsa "kuchepetsa kwakukulu komanso kosalekeza" pakugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha "zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa mowa" pofika chaka cha 2026. Kukula ndi kuchepetsa kupititsa patsogolo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikudziwitsidwa ku European Commission.(Chithunzi 4.)
Patulani Zolinga Zosonkhanitsira ndi Zofunikira Pamapangidwe a Mabotolo Apulasitiki
Pofika chaka cha 2025, 77% ya mabotolo apulasitiki omwe amaikidwa pamsika ayenera kusinthidwanso.Pofika 2029, ndalama zofanana ndi 90% ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso.Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira zopangira mabotolo apulasitiki zidzakwaniritsidwa: pofika 2025, mabotolo a PET ayenera kukhala ndi pulasitiki yosachepera 25% popanga.Chiwerengerochi chikukwera mpaka 30% pofika 2030 pamabotolo onse.(Art. 6, para. 5; art. 9.)
Kulemba zilembo
Zopukutira zaukhondo (mapadi), ma tamponi ndi zopaka matamponi, zopukuta zonyowa, zinthu zafodya zokhala ndi zosefera, ndi makapu omweramo ziyenera kukhala ndi “zoonekeratu, zomveka zomveka bwino ndi zosazikika” pachopaka kapena pa chinthucho.Chizindikirocho chiyenera kudziwitsa ogula za njira zoyenera zoyendetsera zinyalala za chinthucho kapena njira zotayira zinyalala zomwe ziyenera kupewedwa, komanso kupezeka kwa mapulasitiki muzogulitsa komanso kuwononga kwa zinyalala.(Art. 7, para. 1 molumikizana ndi annex, gawo D.)
Udindo Wowonjezera Wopanga
Opanga akuyenera kulipira mtengo wodziwitsa anthu, kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, kuyeretsa zinyalala, kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kupereka malipoti okhudza zinthu izi:
❋ zotengera zakudya
❋ mapaketi ndi zokutira zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosinthika
❋ zotengera zakumwa zotha kufika malita atatu
❋ makapu a zakumwa, kuphatikizapo zovundikira ndi zivindikiro zake
❋ matumba onyamulira pulasitiki opepuka
❋ fodya wokhala ndi zosefera
❋ zopukuta zonyowa
❋ ma baluni (Art. 8, para. 2, 3 molumikizana ndi zowonjezera, gawo E.)
Komabe, palibe ndalama zotolera zinyalala zomwe ziyenera kulipiridwa pa zopukuta ndi ma baluni.
Kukulitsa Chidziwitso
Lamuloli likufuna kuti mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU alimbikitse khalidwe la ogula ndi kudziwitsa ogula njira zina zomwe angagwiritsenso ntchito, komanso zotsatira za kutaya zinyalala ndi zinyalala zina zosayenera pa chilengedwe ndi ngalande za ngalande.(Chidutswa 10.)
ulalo woyambira:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-21-2021