Pa Julayi 2, 2021, Lamulo la Mapulasitiki Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kamodzi linayamba kugwira ntchito ku European Union (EU). Lamuloli limaletsa mapulasitiki ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi omwe njira zina zimapezeka. "Chogulitsa cha pulasitiki chogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi" chimatanthauzidwa ngati chinthu chopangidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndipo sichinapangidwe, kupangidwa, kapena kuyikidwa pamsika kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo pa cholinga chomwecho. European Commission yafalitsa malangizo, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo, za zomwe ziyenera kuonedwa ngati chinthu cha pulasitiki chogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. (Cholembera cha 12.)
Pazinthu zina zapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha, mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ayenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kudzera mu njira zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa dziko lonse, cholinga chosiyana chobwezeretsanso mabotolo apulasitiki, zofunikira pakupanga mabotolo apulasitiki, ndi zilembo zokakamiza za zinthu zapulasitiki kuti zidziwitse ogula. Kuphatikiza apo, malangizowa akuwonjezera udindo wa opanga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti opanga adzayenera kulipira ndalama zoyeretsera zinyalala, kusonkhanitsa deta, komanso kudziwitsa anthu za zinthu zina. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ayenera kukhazikitsa njirazi pofika pa Julayi 3, 2021, kupatula zofunikira pakupanga zinthu za mabotolo, zomwe zidzagwira ntchito kuyambira pa Julayi 3, 2024. (Nkhani 17.)
Lamuloli likukhazikitsa njira ya pulasitiki ya EU ndipo cholinga chake ndi "kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa [EU] kupita ku chuma chozungulira." (Chithunzi 1.)
Zomwe zili mu Malangizo a Mapulasitiki Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kamodzi
Kuletsa Msika
Lamuloli likuletsa kuti mapulasitiki otsatirawa agwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi apezeke pamsika wa EU:
❋ ndodo za thonje
❋ zida zodulira (mafoloko, mipeni, masipuni, ndodo zodulira)
❋ mbale
❋ udzu
❋ zosakaniza zakumwa
❋ ndodo zomangiriridwa ndi zothandizira mabaluni
❋ ziwiya zophikira chakudya zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezereka
❋ ziwiya za zakumwa zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo zipewa ndi zivindikiro zake
❋ makapu a zakumwa zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera, kuphatikizapo zophimba ndi zivindikiro zawo
❋ zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yotha kuwonongeka ndi oxo. (Chithunzi 5 mogwirizana ndi annex, gawo B.)
Njira Zadziko Lonse Zochepetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi komwe kulibe njira ina. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuyenera kupereka kufotokozera za njirazi ku European Commission ndikuzipereka kwa anthu onse. Njirazi zitha kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zolinga zochepetsera dziko, kupereka njira zina zogwiritsidwanso ntchito pamalo ogulitsira kwa ogula, kapena kulipiritsa ndalama pazinthu zapulasitiki zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ayenera kukwaniritsa "kuchepetsa kwakukulu komanso kosatha" kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi awa "zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepe kwambiri" pofika chaka cha 2026. Kupita patsogolo kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikunenedwa ku European Commission. (Chithunzi 4.)
Zolinga Zosiyanasiyana Zosonkhanitsira ndi Zofunikira Pakupanga Mabotolo Apulasitiki
Pofika chaka cha 2025, mabotolo apulasitiki 77% omwe agulitsidwa pamsika ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Pofika chaka cha 2029, ndalama zofanana ndi 90% ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira pakupanga mabotolo apulasitiki zidzakwaniritsidwa: pofika chaka cha 2025, mabotolo a PET ayenera kukhala ndi pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso yosachepera 25% popanga. Chiwerengerochi chikukwera kufika pa 30% pofika chaka cha 2030 pamabotolo onse. (Nkhani 6, ndime 5; nkhani 9.)
Kulemba zilembo
Matawulo aukhondo (ma pad), ma tamponi ndi zogwiritsira ntchito ma tampon, zopukutira zonyowa, zinthu za fodya zokhala ndi zosefera, ndi makapu amwera ziyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro "choonekera bwino, chomveka bwino komanso chosatha" pa phukusi kapena pa chinthucho. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kudziwitsa ogula za njira zoyenera zoyendetsera zinyalala za chinthucho kapena njira zotayira zinyalala zomwe ziyenera kupewedwa, komanso kupezeka kwa mapulasitiki mu chinthucho komanso zotsatira zoyipa za kutaya zinyalala. (Art. 7, para. 1 mogwirizana ndi annex, gawo D.)
Udindo Wowonjezera wa Wopanga
Opanga ayenera kulipira ndalama zopezera chidziwitso, kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, kuyeretsa zinyalala, ndi kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kupereka malipoti okhudzana ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
❋ zotengera chakudya
❋ mapaketi ndi zokulungira zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthasintha
❋ zidebe za zakumwa zokwana malita atatu
❋ makapu a zakumwa, kuphatikizapo zophimba ndi zivindikiro zake
❋ matumba opepuka apulasitiki
❋ fodya wokhala ndi zosefera
❋ zopukutira zonyowa
❋ mabaluni (Nkhani 8, ndime 2, 3 mogwirizana ndi annex, gawo E.)
Komabe, palibe ndalama zosonkhanitsira zinyalala zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa pankhani ya ma wipes ndi mabaluni onyowa.
Kukulitsa Chidziwitso
Lamuloli likufuna kuti mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU alimbikitse khalidwe labwino la ogula ndikudziwitsa ogula za njira zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, komanso zotsatira za kutaya zinyalala ndi kutaya zinyalala zina zosayenera pa chilengedwe ndi netiweki ya zinyalala. (Nkhani 10.)
Ulalo woyambira:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-21-2021
